ZenGRC Team

This post was originally published on CloudExpo by Brad Thies.

Cybersecurity is a complex field, and with laws varying across states and countries, keeping cloud usage compliant can become a real headache for enterprise security decision-makers.

As regulations continue to lag behind the rapid pace of technological advancements, many IT security professionals turn to the expertise of cybersecurity lawyers, who not only understand the ambiguities of the law, but are also able to secure and protect their employers’ interests in the case of a breach.

When Is a Cybersecurity Attorney Needed?

There are times when cybersecurity lawyers are essential. Given recent developments such as Edward Snowden’s National Security Agency leaks, the exponential growth of the Internet of Things, and the throwing out of Safe Harbor Rules, privacy is an ever-evolving concern for businesses. Every company must ensure the safety of its users’ data, and a qualified cybersecurity attorney should review privacy policies and programs to ensure proper compliance.

The use of such legal experts should be incorporated into the incident response plan in addition to having the experts review procedures. When a breach does occur, the public relations team cannot be left to draft communications on its own.

Each state has its own laws on what is required when making a breach public. The laws set thresholds for dollars and numbers of affected records, and even criteria relating to the level of data encryption, to help determine whether a breach must be reported. This means companies have to be careful when disclosing breaches, as poor communication can risk litigation.

Staying Compliant Without One

Cybersecurity attorneys are not necessary, however, for everyday operations. While they play an important role in dealing with specific crises, it is possible for a company’s security officials to cope with most situations on their own. Many companies would be better served by hiring someone to manage their information security teams and train up their general counsel to address typical security risks than by spending top dollar on an attorney specializing in cybersecurity.

The creation of an information security plan, for instance, is a task far better suited to IT security professionals and chief security officers than to lawyers, as are decisions regarding cloud strategy. When it comes to ongoing monitoring of the environment and cloud services, unbelievable technologies are available to support information security management and to serve as the eyes and ears preventing a serious compromise of data.

A cybersecurity attorney is not equipped with the experience of running governance programs or of managing risk and compliance activities for all aspects of cloud computing. The CSO must instead take the lead on those.

Performing a Risk Assessment

Before proper compliance can be built into the system, all business risks and technical controls must be reviewed. How mature are the security management practices? Organizations generally fall into three maturity levels:

1. Basic protocol is the blocking and tackling of security. It is understaffed and lacks reporting metrics, controls, policies, and processes. It may even lack executive support for security budgeting.
2. Compliance-driven cloud security goes beyond the basic and looks toward compliance frameworks, such as ISO 27001/2, to drive security. This is better but still lacks the focus of a proper and authoritative security system.
3. Risk-based security is multilayered. It can correlate events, such as security incidents, across multiple disciplines and business environments to rank and respond to them. It uses dynamic information security and IT audit controls to ensure that data are safe, secure, and routinely inspected.

Once the security environment has been assessed and its maturity defined, companies must look to implement a framework that improves security in the following elemental areas:

This post was originally published on Entrepreneur.
So many entrepreneurs don’t invest heavily in IT infrastructure security upfront. It may be an afterthought during startup mode but a lack of security becomes a problem as the business accelerates. Trying to enhance security after core business processes have already been established is extremely difficult.
Startups should incorporate security into their IT infrastructures from inception, then work to maintain those levels of security as the companies and customer bases grow.
There are a number of ways to approach issues before they become problems:

1. Access Management

Strive for accountability and proper authentication of key systems. Early on, granting the CEO access to everything might make sense but later, powerful access to unnecessary accounts creates a larger attack surface and greater risk.
Additionally, key system processing shouldn’t be set up under accounts used for other aspects of the business. When accounts are set up for communication and interface between systems, they should be restricted from end-user login. The inability to manage who has access to generic accounts is one of the most common challenge to correct when trying to meet future compliance requirements.

2. Change Control

Changes must be documented, tested and quality assurance-tested prior to being released into production environments. Thinking through a proper workflow before promoting changes is imperative to creating a sound development culture. Future changes and feature requirements can’t be predicted, but documentation of the requirements to be released can be controlled.

3. Partner With a Third Party for Assessment

Some startups have live customer data but are unsure how laws regarding sensitive data apply to them. Partnering with a third party upfront to do an overall assessment is a useful strategy.

4. Stay Focused on the Process

Learning to identify processes while putting out fires leads some startups to believe they’re agile and can simply listen to customers and adapt to their needs. But security has to be considered when pushing a new product out — which entails developing processes around the three areas mentioned above.

5. Give Customers a Reason to Trust You

When working on products or services, entrepreneurs should keep exciting new features in mind, as well as their customers’ concerns, especially the integrity of information the startup has been entrusted with (e.g., addresses, credit cards and other personally identifiable information).
To ensure that a startup’s rapid growth remains sustainable, entrepreneurs need to know exactly where sensitive information is stored and maintained and have a system in place to protect it at every stage of a startup’s lifecycle. Laying a strong foundation of security as the base of every project allows for boundless evolution with far less risk.
Photo Credit: John Mcsporran